Major Economic Indicators
| Economic Indicators |
2010 |
Jan - Sep 2011 |
| Value |
Growth
(%, y-o-y) |
Value |
Growth
(%, y-o-y) |
| Gross Domestic Product (RMB bn) |
206.5 |
16.0 1 |
181.8 |
10.6 1 |
| Per Capita GDP |
23,831 |
15.0 1 |
|
|
| Added Value Output |
|
|
|
|
| - Primary industry (RMB bn) |
54.0 |
6.3 1 |
46.3 |
6.0 1 |
| - Secondary industry (RMB bn) |
57.1 |
19.2 1 |
51.6 |
16.1 1 |
| - Tertiary industry (RMB bn) |
95.4 |
20.1 1 |
83.9 |
10.0 1 |
| Value-added Industrial Output 2 (RMB bn) |
35.5 |
18.5 1 |
31.5 |
15.0 1 |
| Fixed-assets Investment (RMB bn) |
133.1 |
32.8 |
108.6 |
36.7 |
| Retail Sales (RMB bn) |
62.4 |
16.1 |
54.4 |
18.7 |
| Inflation (Consumer Price Index, %) |
|
4.8 |
|
6.6 |
| Exports (US$ mn) |
2,320 |
77.3 |
1,808 |
14.4 |
| - By FIEs (US$ mn) |
1,277 |
118.1 |
818 |
-8.6 |
| Imports (US$ mn) |
6,314 |
76.7 |
7,451 |
88.9 |
| - By FIEs (US$ mn) |
4,948 |
103.8 |
6,435 |
105.5 |
| Utilised Foreign Direct Investment (US$ mn) |
1,512 |
61.2 |
660 |
-33.1 |
Notes: 1 In real term 2 For all state-owned and other forms of enterprises with annual sales over RMB 5 million
Sources: Hainan Statistical Yearbook 2011, Hainan Statistical Bureau, China’s Customs Statistics, 12.2010, 9.2011
General Background
Hainan has a total area of 33,920 square kilometers. The total population stood at 8.67 million in 2010. Hainan - abbreviated as Qiong（瓊）, is composed of the Hainan Island（海南島）, Xisha Islands（西沙群島）, Nansha Islands（南沙群島）and Zhongsha Islands（中沙群島）. Hainan used to be a special administrative region of Guangdong province, but was designated as a province and a special economic zone (SEZ) in 1988.
The island is rich in natural resources. Its inland and offshore deposits of oil and natural gas rank one of the highest in China. Hainan has gas reserves of 99.6 billion cubic meters in the main sea basins including the Yingge Sea（鶯歌海）. Since 1996, Hainan has provided gas to Hong Kong through a 770-kilometer pipeline, supplying 2.9 billion cubic meters annually. Hainan is rich in certain mineral resources. Its reserve of Titanium is about 70% of the national total. It is also China's major sea salt production base. The Yinggehai Salt Field（鶯歌海鹽田）, one of the top salt fields in China, is located in the province.
Industries
Hainan has the largest share of primary sector in its GDP among all provinces of China. Fishery is an important contributor to the agricultural sector. The island's long coastline makes it a favorable breeding ground for shrimp, shellfish and other aquatic products. Sanya（三亞）and Qinglan（清瀾）are Hainan's major fishing ports.
Composition of GDP (%)
| |
1996 |
2010 |
| Primary |
36.2 |
26.2 |
| Secondary |
20.9 |
27.7 |
| Tertiary |
42.9 |
46.2 |
Source: Hainan Statistical Yearbook 2011
Hainan has an abundance of tropical cash crops like coconuts, pepper, coffee, tea and rubber. It is the most important tropical fruit production base and seeds-breeding base in China. Major fruits include pineapple, lychee（荔枝）and longan（龍眼）. Hainan is one of the largest banana producers in China. The province is also a production base for herbal medicine. It produces more than 2,500 kinds of herbal medicines.
In recent years, sectors such as fishery and fruits developed rapidly. Feom 2006 to 2010, the gross output of fishery grew by an average of 12.8% per annum while that of fruits grew by 17.7%.
Hainan’s manufacturing sector is relatively small. Besides transport equipment, other major industries are relating to the natural resources. Rubber, foodstuffs and other light industries used to be the major traditional industries of Hainan. Over the past decade, the province has expanded its industrial base to include metallurgy, petrochemicals, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, food processing, tobacco, textiles, building materials, machinery and electronics.
Hainan is the largest rubber production base in China. A wide range of rubber products such as tyres, conveyor belts and latex gloves are produced. Electronics is an emerging industry in Hainan. Industries related to food processing and beverages are also growing strongly. "Yeshu" Brand Natural Coconut Juice（「椰樹牌」天然椰子汁）is one of the best-known brands in China.
Tourism
Hainan is keen on utilizing its tropical tourism resources such as mangrove forest, coral reefs, beaches, tropical cash crop plantations and rainforest.
Sanya（三亞）, a tropical beach resort located in the south of the island, is designated as one of China's 11 major tourist and holiday resorts by the State Council. Hainan also offers numerous tourist festivals and celebrations. "The Hainan Coconut International Festival" which is held annually attracts thousands of overseas and domestic visitors. Other cultural and recreational activities included film festivals and international golf contests. The Boao Forum for Asia, modelled on the World Economic Forum, is held every year in Boao of Hainan for Asian leaders to discuss issues.
The local government strives to turn Hainan into an international tourist destination and has developed four resort areas: Sanya Beach Holiday Development Zone（三亞濱海度假休閑中心區） , Haikou Entertainment & Shopping Development Zone（海口娛樂購物休閑中心區）, Tongza Li & Miao Ethnic Traditions & Holiday Development Zone（通什黎苗族風情觀光度假中心區）and Xinglong Hot-spring Resort Development Zone（興隆溫泉康樂度假中心區）.
Total number of tourists and receipts of tourism (2010)
| |
2010 |
% change |
| Number of domestic tourist (million) |
25.2 |
14.9 |
| Income generated (RMB bn) |
23.6 |
22.2 |
| Number of overseas tourist (thousand) |
663 |
20.3 |
| Foreign exchange income (US$ mn) |
311.3 |
16.5 |
Source: Hainan Statistical Yearbook 2011
Aviation is vital to Hainan as an island. It has 2 international airports in Haikou and Sanya. To facilitate tourism, the Civil Aviation Administration of China has agreed to open the 3rd, 4th and 5th aviation freedoms in Hainan. Hainan is the first place to enjoy such treatment in China. As a result, it would be easier for foreign airlines to establish a presence and run international services.
Beginning in April 2011, tourist and local residents leaving Hainan can enjoy duty free shopping for imported products with total value not more than RMB5,000.
Foreign Trade
Hong Kong was the leading export market for Hainan. In 2010, Hainan exported US$584 million to Hong Kong, accounting for 24% of the total exports. Other major export markets inclued Singapore, US and Japan. Major export items include minerals, chemicals and related products, food & beverages, textile materials and products, mechanical and electrical equipment.
In 2010, major import sources were the US, France, Libya and Oman. Major imports included mineral products, tranport equipment, mechanical and electrical products, wood etc.
Foreign Investment
Hong Kong is the biggest investor in Hainan. Hainan is the ancesetral homeland to many SE Asians, and investments from these ethnic Chinese represent an important part of Hainan’s FDI. Other major investors were from the US, Taiwan and Singapore.
Foreign-invested projects mainly engaged in transportation and telecommunication services, tourism and hotels and real estate development, and energy. Haikou and Sanya were the leading cities in Hainan to attract foreign investment.
Consumer Market
In 2010, annual per capita disposal income of urban households reached RMB15,581 (+13.3%). Haikou and Sanya are the major consumer centres in Hainan, accounting for 63% of the total province’s retail sales of consumer goods.
Composition of Per Capita Expenditure of Urban Household (%)
| |
1995 |
2010 |
| Food |
59.3 |
44.8 |
| Clothing |
6.4 |
5.8 |
| Medicine & medical services |
2.6 |
5.3 |
| Transport, post & communications services |
3.0 |
16.5 |
| Recreation, education and cultural services |
10.0 |
9.2 |
| Residence |
6.8 |
10.1 |
Source: Hainan Statistical Yearbook 1998, 2011
With continued rises in income and economic reforms, the consumer expenditure pattern is also undergoing structural change. With the share of food declined, expenditures on services, in particular transport and communications and housing have gained in relative share.
A number of foreign supermarkets such as Carrefour（家樂福）and Rt-mart（大潤發）from Taiwan have emerged in Hainan. Naoguo Shopping（南國超市）is one of the well-known local retailers.
Economic Indicators of Major Cities (2010)
| Cities |
GDP
(RMB bn) |
Per capita GDP
(RMB) |
Gross Industrial Output* (RMB mn) |
Retail Sales
(RMB mn) |
| Haikou 海口 |
61.7 |
38,731 |
41,797 |
32,694 |
| Sanya 三亞 |
24.2 |
42,977 |
4,002 |
6,370 |
| Wenchang 文昌 |
11.9 |
20,446 |
1,776 |
3,084 |
| Qionghai 瓊海 |
11.3 |
22,948 |
1,066 |
3,169 |
| Danzhou 儋州 |
31.2 |
29,365 |
59,849 |
3,373 |
* For all state-owned and other forms of enterprises with annual sales over RMB 5 million.
Source: Hainan Statistical Yearbook 2011
