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<ul>
	<li>Topaz is one of the most popular and widespread jewelry stones, it is beautiful and has many colors and shades. However natural topaz is almost always colorless or has a light blue shade. Modern technologies allow obtaining yellow, brown, orange, light and dark blue colors of topaz when the stone is irradiated with neutrons and (or) electrons and gamma radiation. Interestingly, all-natural colored raw topaz stones are a product of natural radiation. The main color centers in topaz are always radiation defects. Only pink topaz is an exception because it is colored pink by radiation color centers, which contain chromium or manganese atoms.</li>
	<li>Thus all topaz on the market is the product of radiation exposure either in the laboratory or nature. 99% of the stones are technically processed in the laboratory to get their color. Blue topaz is the most popular and is in great demand in many countries.</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Chemical composition: Be3Al2Si6O18</li>
	<li>Color: light green</li>
	<li>Symmetry: Hexagonal</li>
	<li>Hardness (Mohs scale): 7.5-8.0</li>
	<li>Density: 2.67-2.75</li>
	<li>Refractive index: 1.578 - 1.572</li>
	<li>Dispersion (C-F): 0.014</li>
	<li>Heat resistance: up to 1250°C/ 2282°F</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Chemical composition: Be3Al2Si6O18</li>
	<li>Symmetry: Hexagonal</li>
	<li>Hardness (Mohs scale): 7.5-8.0</li>
	<li>Density: 2.67-2.75</li>
	<li>Refractive index: 1.578 - 1.572</li>
	<li>Dispersion (C-F): 0.014</li>
	<li>Heat resistance: up to 1250°C/ 2282°F</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Synthetic Beryllium Alum silicate</li>
	<li>Chemical composition: Be3, Al2, Si6, O18</li>
	<li>Minor chemical elements (wt./%): MnO 0.15-0.26, FeO 1.52-1.89</li>
	<li>Crystal system: hexagonal</li>
	<li>Space group: P6/mcc Density (g/cm3): 2.72-2.73</li>
	<li>Cleavage: absent Mohs hardness: 8</li>
	<li>Fracture: uneven to conchoidal</li>
	<li>Brittleness: brittle Index of refraction: No- 1.570, Ne- 1.565</li>
	<li>Optical character: uniaxial, negative Birefringence: 0.005</li>
	<li>Growth method: hydrothermal process</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Chemical Composition: Be3Al2Si6O18</li>
	<li>Symmetry: Hexagonal</li>
	<li>Hardness (Mohs Scale): 7.5-8.0</li>
	<li>Density: 2.67-2.75</li>
	<li>Refractive Index: 1.578 - 1.572</li>
	<li>Dispersion (C-F): 0.014</li>
	<li>Heat Resistance: Up to 1250°C/2282°F</li>
	<li>Growth Method: Hydrothermal process</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Chemical Composition: Al2SiO4(F, OH)2</li>
	<li>Symmetry: Irregular</li>
	<li>Hardness (Mohs Scale): 8.0</li>
	<li>Density: 3.4-3.6</li>
	<li>Refractive Index: 1.616 - 1.638</li>
	<li>Dispersion (R-V): Noticeable</li>
	<li>Heat Resistance: Up to 649°C/1200°F</li>
	<li>Treatment Method: Irradiation</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Chemical composition: Be3Al2Si6O18</li>
	<li>Symmetry: Hexagonal</li>
	<li>Hardness (Mohs Scale): 7.5-8.0</li>
	<li>Density: 2.67-2.75</li>
	<li>Refractive Index: 1.578 - 1.572</li>
	<li>Dispersion (C-F): 0.014</li>
	<li>Heat resistance: Up to 1250°C/2282°F</li>
	<li>Growth Method: Hydrothermal process</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Chemical Classification: silicate</li>
	<li>Luster: vitreous</li>
	<li>Diaphaneity: translucent to transparent</li>
	<li>Cleavage: perfect basal cleavage</li>
	<li>Mohs Hardness: 8</li>
	<li>Specific Gravity: 3.4-3.6</li>
	<li>Chemical Composition: Al2SiO4 (F,OH)2</li>
	<li>Crystal System: orthorhombic</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Chemical composition: Be3Al2Si6O18&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Symmetry: hexagonal&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Hardness (Mohs scale): 7.5-8.0&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Density: 2.67-2.75&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Refractive index: 1.578 - 1.572&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Dispersion (C-F): 0.014&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Heat resistance: up to 1250°C/2282°F</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Synthetic Beryllium Alum silicate Chemical composition: Be3, Al2, Si6, O18</li>
	<li>Minor chemical elements (wt./%): MnO 0.15-0.26, FeO 1.52-1.89</li>
	<li>Crystal system: hexagonal</li>
	<li>Space group: P6/mcc</li>
	<li>Density (g/cm3): 2.72-2.73</li>
	<li>Cleavage: absent</li>
	<li>Mohs hardness: 8</li>
	<li>Fracture: uneven to conchoidal</li>
	<li>Brittleness: brittle Index of refraction: No- 1.570, Ne- 1.565</li>
	<li>Optical character: uniaxial, negative</li>
	<li>Birefringence: 0.005</li>
	<li>Growth method: hydrothermal process</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Chemical composition: Be3Al2Si6O18&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Symmetry: hexagonal&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Hardness (Mohs scale): 7.5-8.0&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Density: 2.67-2.75&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Refractive index: 1.578 - 1.572&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Dispersion (C-F): 0.014&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Heat resistance: up to 1250°C/2282°F&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Growth method: hydrothermal process</li>
</ul>


<ul>
	<li>Swiss, London, Sky blue topaz</li>
</ul>


Chemical composition: Be3Al2Si6O18 Symmetry: Hexagonal Hardness (Mohs scale): 7.5-8.0 Density: 2.67-2.75 Refractive index: 1.578 - 1.572 Dispersion (C-F): 0.014 Heat resistance: up to 1250°C/2282°F

<ul>
	<li>Chemical composition: Be3Al2Si6O18 Symmetry: Hexagonal Hardness (Mohs scale): 7.5-8.0 Density: 2.67-2.75 Refractive index: 1.578 - 1.572 Dispersion (C-F): 0.014 Heat resistance: up to 1250°C/2282°F</li>
</ul>


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